Physiology and Pathophysiology

The textbook Pathological physiology: selected chapters contains chapters of general and special pathological physiology that explain the causes and mechanisms of disease and pathological processes in synergy with their future clinical application. Simple case reports in the chapters point to the clinical relevance of the knowledge gained in the study of pathological physiology and connect the theoretical and clinical disciplines to be addressed by students in subsequent years of study. It supports the ability of students to think logically and combine knowledge they have already obtained by study of different theoretical subjects.

Dysfunction of the electrophysiological processes in the heart – mechanisms and manifestation. Textbook for students of the 3rd year – background for the seminars related to the electrocardiography.

The main objective of this textbook is to explain the mechanisms leading to the typical electrophysiological changes in the heart in physiological and pathological conditions and also to show the manifestation of these processes on the ECG curve.

Many medical students in the 5th or 6th year have already partially forgotten the information learned in the 3rd year during the course of pathophysiology, because the main focus of the study has moved onto clinical subjects. However, during the preparation for the state exam from surgery as well as for other clinical exams the students often discover that they need the knowledge of pathophysiology in order to manage the content of the questions for the exams. This is especially true for the topics in general surgery. The aim of our effort was to prepare a textbook in which the students will find the essential up-to-date pathomechanisms of surgical diseases. It is based on the requirements of surgical scientific-pedagogical faculty who are the members of the state exam committee. The textbook is focused not only on pathophysiological aspects of general surgery, but also includes a substantial part of the pathophysiology pertinent to special surgery.
The textbook is based on latest e-learning courses for theoretical training of surgeons. The text is original and is based on the principles of clinical pathophysiology, which are familiar to students that are well-oriented in the study of clinical subjects. The textbook is designed by utilizing an extensive experience gained from the active participation in conducting the state exams in surgery. We believe that the textbook will help students of general medicine in an effective theoretical preparation for the state examination from surgery. In addition, this textbook also has an ambition to help the physicians in their specialized studies.

Arterial system of lower extremities. Principles of blood flow. Endothelium. Endothelial vasodilators. Endothelial dysfunction. Atherosclerosis obliterans Risk factors. Arterial aneurysms. Vasospastic diseases. Raynaud disease. Occlusive arterial disease. Blood flow in veins – lower extremities. Venous system of lover extremities. Symptoms and signs of DVT. Lymphedema.

Clinical stand point – classification. Coronary circulation. Regulation of coronary circulation. Myocardial ischemia. Endothelial vasodilatators. A new insight into atherosclerosis. Progression of ATS process. Progression in the plaque growing. Nonstable plaque. Thrombosis inside the CA. Development of ischemic injury of myocardium. Electrophysiological changes. Mechanical properties. Clinical signs of IHD. Myocardial enzymes...